Segunda Sesión Simulacro D2
Te damos la Bienvenida a nuestra Segunda Sesión del Simulacro de Preicfes con Estilo 2022A30.
A continuación te damos algunas recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo de la prueba:
La Prueba Saber se divide en dos sesiones, cada una de 131 y 147 preguntas respectivamente; tendrás 4 horas y 30 minutos para desarrollar cada sesión de manera exitosa.
– Si el tiempo se acaba, el examen se enviará de manera automática con las respuestas que hayas colocado
– Sólo tendrás un intento para resolver esta sesión
– En caso de que pierdas conexión, se vaya la luz o se reinicie tu computador, Preicfes con Estilo guardará tu progreso para que puedas retomar la sesión en donde ibas y con el mismo tiempo que tenias.
– Una vez hayas terminado ambas sesiones de la Prueba, podrás ver los resultados de manera instantanea.
A continuación te presentamos la estructura del cuadernillo estándar:
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Segunda Sesión Simulacro G10B
Resumen del Cuestionario
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Pregunta 1 de 134
1. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas Genéricas¿Cuánto han subido de precio las láminas en los últimos 20 años?
En la siguiente tabla se muestra el precio del paquete de 5 láminas del álbum Panini (álbum oficial de los mundiales de fútbol), este álbum muestra las caras de los jugadores más emblemáticos que estarán disputando la Copa del Mundo junto a sus selecciones.
Sacado y editado de: ‘El Espectador (@elespectador) • Fotos y videos de Instagram’
Se desea saber cuánto aumentó en porcentaje el precio del paquete de láminas desde 2018, así que se plantea la siguiente ecuación:
[(3500-2100)*100]/3500
¿Es este planteamiento correcto?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 2 de 134
2. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasPoblación rural y urbana de Colombia.
La siguiente tabla muestra cómo ha cambiado la población urbana y rural de Colombia.
¿Cual de las siguientes gráficas muestra los primeros años del cambio en Colombia?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 3 de 134
3. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasEl la siguiente tabla se muestra el valor por hora y tamaño de perro de una paseadora.
Y se muestra la siguiente tabla con el número de perros paseado por día según el tipo.
Se plantea la siguiente ecuación
5000*∑xi+6000*∑yi+8000*∑zi
Donde i=1,2,3,4,5. Esta ecuación muestra el valor ganado en una semana de trabajo.
¿Es esta ecuación correcta?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 4 de 134
4. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasAdiós a los apartamentos de caja de fósforo: el nuevo POT también prohíbe estas construcciones.
Se trata del artículo 382 del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT), el cual especifica que los metros cuadrados mínimos para un apartamento serán 36 (será de 42 para las viviendas de interés social).
Sacado y editado de:’ POT de Bogotá de Claudia López prohibirá construir aparta estudios (pulzo.com)
Una inmobiliaria presenta sus dos apartamentos con el siguiente plano.
Y para los precios presentan la siguiente tabla
Pero esta tabla es insuficiente, ya que muestra el precio solo del primer piso del edificio, el valor aumenta $1.500.000 a medida que aumentan los pisos del edificio. Por lo tanto se presenta la siguiente tabla como ejemplo:
Pero se ha perdido la ecuación que constituye esta tabla, por lo tanto se plantea la siguiente para encontrar el valor del apartamento según el piso en el que se encuentra:
36 metros cuadrados: 150.000.000+((piso-1)*1.500.000)
42 metros cuadrados: 200.000.000+((piso-1)*1.500.000)
¿Estas ecuaciones son correctas?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 5 de 134
5. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasEl Sistema Integrado de Transporte Público de Bogotá Transmilenio, cuenta con cinco clases de buses diferentes. La tabla muestra la información del número de pasajeros que puede transportar para dos tipos de bus.
En el año 2022 ingresaron un total de 20 troncales y 15 tipo urbanos. Para calcular la capacidad máxima de pasajeros que pueden transportar los buses en términos se debe plantear la siguiente expresión:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 6 de 134
6. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasLa familia López desea ir a un parque de diversiones el fin de semana, les informan por teléfono que el costo de las entradas de un adulto y un niño es de $28.000. Si la entrada de un niño, es la tercera parte de un adulto aumentando $1200. ¿Cuál es el costo de la entrada del adulto?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 7 de 134
7. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasUn automóvil de desplaza con una velocidad constante, se decide registrar la distancia recorrida en determinado tiempo como se muestra en la siguiente tabla:
Juan afirma que, si el automóvil sigue con la misma tendencia, la distancia que recorrerá en 4,8 horas será de 240km, la afirmación de Juan es:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 8 de 134
8. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasUna máquina se compra en $10.000.000 y se desprecia de manera continua desde la fecha de compra. Su valor después de t años está dado por la fórmula.
Vt=10.000.000e-0,2t
¿La operación que representa el valor de la máquina después de 6 años es?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 9 de 134
9. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasAl registrar los saltos que da cierto animal, teniendo en cuenta la altura y el tiempo, se puede dicho movimiento por la ecuación y=-x^2+2x, donde x es el tiempo en segundos y y la altura en metros. Si se conoce que las coordenadas del vértice de la parábola corresponden a (h,k) donde h es igual a – b/2a y k es igual a f (–b/2a) . ¿Al cabo de cuánto tiempo el animal alcanza la altura máxima?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 10 de 134
10. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasUna función matemática es una relación que se establece entre dos conjuntos, a través de la cual a cada elemento del primer conjunto se le asigna un único elemento del segundo conjunto o ninguno. De las siguientes representaciones, ¿cuál es una función?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 11 de 134
11. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasEn un recorrido de una autopista se ha instalado un semáforo que da paso a la derecha, a la izquierda y hacia adelante. Si se desea determinar la ruta que pueden seguir dos automóviles que llegan al semáforo, ¿cuál de los siguientes conjuntos determina las posibles combinaciones?
Tener en cuenta la siguiente notación A: El automóvil sigue adelante, B: El automóvil gira a la derecha y C: El automóvil gira a la izquierda.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 12 de 134
12. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasUn grupo de amigos desea realizar un viaje a una playa. Para ello, debe tomar un servicio de transporte terrestre, luego un transporte informal y finalmente, un servicio de transporte marítimo. Para el servicio de transporte terrestre se ofrece un bus intermunicipal y taxi. En el transporte informal se deben transportar en caballos los cuales están disponibles en la mañana o en la tarde. Para el servicio marítimo se ofrecen: lancha monomotor, lancha rápida y barco de carga. Sin importar el costo de cada uno de los transportes, ¿cuál es la probabilidad de que la familia tome los caballos en la tarde?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 13 de 134
13. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasFormula de Notación factorial
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/xMvFnSE
Para las elecciones de personero de un colegio, se deben escoger cuatro candidatos de diez posibles estudiantes que se postularon. ¿Cuál de las siguientes expresiones permite hallar el número de formas diferentes que se puede escoger los cuatro candidatos?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 14 de 134
14. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasEntre 16 alumnos de un salón de clases se va a rifar una boleta para ingresar a un parque temático. Cada estudiante debe escoger un número del 3 al 18. El sorteo se realiza de la siguiente forma: se colocan 6 balotas en una urna, cada una numerada del 1 al 6; se extraen tres balotas con remplazo, es decir, al sacar la primera balota, se devuelve a la urna y así se realiza con las otras dos balotas. La suma de los tres números obtenidos determina el ganador de la rifa, si un estudiante escogió el número 10, la probabilidad que tiene de ganar si la primera balota es un 2 es:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 15 de 134
15. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasEn un informe se reportaron las tres marcas de motos más vendidas en Colombia, durante el año 2021, así como su respectivo precio. Los resultados se presentan en la tabla y en la figura.
Teniendo en cuenta la información se puede afirmar que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 16 de 134
16. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasSe encuesto un grupo de personas, de distintas edades, sobre el dinero que gastaron en transporte público en las últimas tres semanas. Las respuestas se registraron en la tabla.
De acuerdo con la información de la tabla, la edad de las personas y el transporte público tienen una correlación porque:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 17 de 134
17. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas NO GenéricasCON BASE A LA GRÁFICA RESPONDE LAS PREGUNTAS
La Empresa de aceites Acens desea construir un depósito de acero como se muestra en la figura.
Para hallar el material requerido para fabricar el depósito se utiliza la siguiente expresión
A= ALcilindro + ALcono + Ac
A= (2∙π∙r∙h) + (π∙r∙g) +(π∙r2)
Teniendo en cuenta las medidas del depósito, ¿cuántos centímetros cuadrados de acero requiere para fabricarlo?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 18 de 134
18. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas NO Genéricas
Imagen de: https://cutt.ly/uMvglYG
Para hallar la medida del ángulo ACB se debe tener en cuenta uno de las propiedades de los triángulos, la cual dice:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 19 de 134
19. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas NO GenéricasAngela construyó una cometa con cuatro ángulos de papel que corto de dos rectángulos, como se muestra en la figura.
La cometa armada tiene la siguiente forma:
Imágenes: https://cutt.ly/GMvhLCh
Si Angela desea comprar un hilo dorado para poner en el borde la cometa, ¿cuántos metros tendría que comprar?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 20 de 134
20. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasSe tiene la circunferencia con centro O en donde se localizan los puntos A y B, como se muestra en la figura.
Si se trazan los segmentos AB ,AO y BO, ¿qué tipo de triángulo se formaría?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 21 de 134
21. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas NO GenéricasLa homotecia es una de las transformaciones geométricas en el plano, en la cual cambia el tamaño de la figura mas no su forma. Teniendo en cuenta las dos figuras de la transformación, como se muestra en la imagen se cumple que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 22 de 134
22. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas NO GenéricasLos paralelogramos son cuadriláteros con los lados opuestos paralelos que tienen las siguientes propiedades: Tienen iguales sus lados opuestos. Tienen iguales sus ángulos opuestos. Dos ángulos consecutivos son suplementarios.
Teniendo en cuenta las propiedades de los paralelogramos, ¿cuáles de las siguientes figuras no cumple con las propiedades de los paralelogramos?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 23 de 134
23. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasEl Ultimate Frisbee es un deporte de equipo sin contacto y auto arbitrado que se juega con un disco volador. Dos equipos de siete jugadores compiten en un campo de juego de aproximadamente la misma longitud que un campo de fútbol, pero más estrecho.
En una competencia se está utilizando un disco volador que consta de dos círculos concéntricos, uno con un diámetro de 24cm y el otro con un radio de 36cm.
¿Cuál de las siguientes representaciones, muestra las características de este disco volador?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 24 de 134
24. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasON BASE A LA GRÁFICA RESPONDE LAS PREGUNTAS
La Empresa de aceites Acens desea construir un depósito de acero como se muestra en la figura.
Pregunta 1
El depósito de acero está compuesto por un cilindro sin una de sus bases y la parte lateral de un cono, teniendo en cuenta que el área lateral del cono es igual a π∙r∙g, siendo g la generatriz, como se muestra en la figura. La expresión que permite hallar la generatriz corresponde a:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 25 de 134
25. Pregunta
Categoría: Matemáticas GenéricasEn el cono la generatriz es la hipotenusa del triángulo rectángulo que al girar alrededor de uno de sus catetos genera el cono. Se tiene un cono de altura igual a h y el radio r igual a la tercera parte de la altura. ¿Cuál es la expresión algebraica que permite calcular la generatriz en función de la altura?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 26 de 134
26. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasSegún la constitución política de Colombia y su organización, las tres principales ramas de poder son la ejecutiva, legislativa y judicial
Teniendo en cuenta las ramas de poder elija la respuesta que contenga instituciones que hagan parte de la rama judicial
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 27 de 134
27. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasAnalice la siguiente situación y responda
Según la caricatura anterior ¿Qué derecho de la constitución política se ajusta a la situación?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 28 de 134
28. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasSegún las estadísticas oficiales, en Colombia el 39,3% de la población, 19,6 millones de personas, está catalogada como pobre, aquellos hogares en que cada integrante cuenta con menos de $354.031 para vivir al mes. El 31% de la población (15,5 millones) hace parte de los vulnerables, mientras que 13,89 millones es clase media y solo 921.000 personas figuran como altos ingresos.
Según la información presentada es pertinente afirmar que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 29 de 134
29. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasUna de las partes de la Rama legislativa es el congreso, el cual entre sus funciones debe tener control político, para requerir y emplazar a los Ministros del Despacho y demás autoridades y conocer de las acusaciones que se formulen contra los altos funcionarios del estado, esta misma función ha generado altos índices de corrupción e incumplimiento de parte del gobierno en el desarrollo de sus funciones.
Se podría decir que una solución radical ante el problema de corrupción sería:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 30 de 134
30. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN EL TEXTO RESPONDE LAS PREGUNTAS
Colombia ha sido reconocida por tener un amplio y diverso ecosistema. En los 114 millones de hectáreas con los que cuenta el territorio nacional se han registrado 58.312 especies de animales y plantas. Es claro que contamos con un país verde, lastimosamente la sociedad no ha sido amigable con el medio ambiente. Los desechos de plástico y la deliberada deforestación son algunas de las problemáticas con las que el ecosistema se ha venido afectando año tras año.
Día a día en los hogares colombianos se generan cerca de 4.5 kilos de basura y, solo en la capital, se desechan 6.300 toneladas de residuos, de esos un gran porcentaje no se logra reciclar. Todas estas problemáticas se han evidenciado en la disminución de la biodiversidad, pérdida de manglares, emergencias naturales y contaminación del agua, aspectos que están afectando gravemente el futuro de nuestro país.
Torrado menciona que se deben hacer movimientos desde lo político, con aquellos que tienen las normas y el poder de lograr leyes estrictas, para lograr un mejor cuidado ambiental y reducir la huella de carbono. El 80% de los contaminantes en Colombia se dan por los automotores, el restante por industrias y residencias, y cerca de 8.000 personas mueren año tras año debido a la contaminación del aire.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/QMeaqAc
- Lo expuesto pone de manifiesto que las problemáticas ambientales:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 31 de 134
31. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN EL TEXTO RESPONDE LAS PREGUNTAS
Colombia ha sido reconocida por tener un amplio y diverso ecosistema. En los 114 millones de hectáreas con los que cuenta el territorio nacional se han registrado 58.312 especies de animales y plantas. Es claro que contamos con un país verde, lastimosamente la sociedad no ha sido amigable con el medio ambiente. Los desechos de plástico y la deliberada deforestación son algunas de las problemáticas con las que el ecosistema se ha venido afectando año tras año.
Día a día en los hogares colombianos se generan cerca de 4.5 kilos de basura y, solo en la capital, se desechan 6.300 toneladas de residuos, de esos un gran porcentaje no se logra reciclar. Todas estas problemáticas se han evidenciado en la disminución de la biodiversidad, pérdida de manglares, emergencias naturales y contaminación del agua, aspectos que están afectando gravemente el futuro de nuestro país.
Torrado menciona que se deben hacer movimientos desde lo político, con aquellos que tienen las normas y el poder de lograr leyes estrictas, para lograr un mejor cuidado ambiental y reducir la huella de carbono. El 80% de los contaminantes en Colombia se dan por los automotores, el restante por industrias y residencias, y cerca de 8.000 personas mueren año tras año debido a la contaminación del aire.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/QMeaqAc
2. Una de las principales razones por las que se consideraría que la problemática ambiental afecta directamente a los colombianos se evidencia en el texto cuando se exponen.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 32 de 134
32. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasON BASE EN EL TEXTO RESPONDE LAS PREGUNTAS
Colombia ha sido reconocida por tener un amplio y diverso ecosistema. En los 114 millones de hectáreas con los que cuenta el territorio nacional se han registrado 58.312 especies de animales y plantas. Es claro que contamos con un país verde, lastimosamente la sociedad no ha sido amigable con el medio ambiente. Los desechos de plástico y la deliberada deforestación son algunas de las problemáticas con las que el ecosistema se ha venido afectando año tras año.
Día a día en los hogares colombianos se generan cerca de 4.5 kilos de basura y, solo en la capital, se desechan 6.300 toneladas de residuos, de esos un gran porcentaje no se logra reciclar. Todas estas problemáticas se han evidenciado en la disminución de la biodiversidad, pérdida de manglares, emergencias naturales y contaminación del agua, aspectos que están afectando gravemente el futuro de nuestro país.
Torrado menciona que se deben hacer movimientos desde lo político, con aquellos que tienen las normas y el poder de lograr leyes estrictas, para lograr un mejor cuidado ambiental y reducir la huella de carbono. El 80% de los contaminantes en Colombia se dan por los automotores, el restante por industrias y residencias, y cerca de 8.000 personas mueren año tras año debido a la contaminación del aire.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/QMeaqAc
3. Cuando Torrado menciona los movimientos desde lo político, incurre necesariamente en el hecho de que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 33 de 134
33. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE
LAS PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/hMexwTb
- Se podría llegar a concluir al ver las gráficas que uno de los países en donde sus movimientos de entrada y salida de personan es equitativo corresponde a:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 34 de 134
34. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE
LAS PREGUNTAS
2. Una de las problemáticas que ha hecho que Siria se mantenga como uno de los países con mayor migración y desplazamiento, se relaciona con los conflictos internos que mantienen en exilio a los sirios en países vecinos como (Jordania, Líbano, Turquía, Egipto…) o huyendo dentro del mismo, demostrando que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 35 de 134
35. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE
LAS PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/iMemuu9
- Con la información expuesta se busca:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 36 de 134
36. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE
LAS PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/iMemuu9
2. La degradación de los elementos que se muestran en la infografía en la naturaleza pueden generar:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 37 de 134
37. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias Ciudadanas¿Qué es la acuaponia?
La acuaponia es un sistema de producción cerrado que integra la técnica de la acuicultura con la hidroponia, es decir, es una combinación de la producción de peces y la producción de hortalizas sin suelo por el medio común “agua”. Las plantas y los peces crean una sinergia, ya que los desechos metabólicos de los peces son aprovechados como nutrientes por los vegetales para crecer, mientras que las plantas limpian el agua y eliminan los compuestos tóxicos para los peces (principalmente amonio y nitritos), reduciendo la frecuencia de renovación del agua. Sin embargo, en este sistema también intervienen microorganismos que inciden en los procesos de mineralización y nitrificación; principalmente bacterias nitrificantes. Este sistema de producción intensiva sustentable requiere de condiciones ideales para que exista interacción entre peces, microorganismos y plantas.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/lMemxqN
En la actualidad es más común hablar de otras formas de cultivo como es el caso de la acuoponia, lo cual demuestra que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 38 de 134
38. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasEl derecho de petición es la facultad que tiene toda persona para presentar solicitudes respetuosas ante las autoridades o entidades, ya sea por motivos de interés general o particular, por tanto, esta puede ser presentada cuando se:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 39 de 134
39. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasEl artículo 315 de la Constitución Política de Colombia versa que es una atribución del alcalde la acción de conservar el orden público en el municipio, de conformidad con la ley y las instrucciones y órdenes que reciba del Presidente de la República y del respectivo gobernador. El alcalde es la primera autoridad de policía del municipio. La Policía Nacional cumplirá con prontitud y diligencia las órdenes que le imparta el alcalde por conducto del respectivo comandante.
Lo anterior explicaría el hecho de que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 40 de 134
40. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE LA PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/DMdH0Om
Los estudios detallados que se han realizado en los páramos del oriente de Bogotá, demuestran que las temperaturas bajas permiten un lento depósito de materiales orgánicos en descomposición que sirven de alimento a una serie de especies de microfauna, difícilmente visibles, las cuales son responsables de la lenta descomposición de la materia orgánica en pie, de los frailejones, los pastos y la vegetación en general y dan paso a una lenta sucesión de cambios de abundancia en las hojas vivas, de las marcescentes y de las muertas. Pequeños mamíferos como el guache, el borugo de páramo y la guagua loba, remueven la materia orgánica de troncos de frailejones en descomposición y de la hojarasca y consumen los insectos adultos y sus larvas.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/2MdH9qC
- El 28 de julio de 2022 La Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas declaró decretó, que todas las personas del mundo tienen derecho a un medio ambiente saludable. Quienes respaldaron esta decisión afirman que constituye un paso importante para contrarrestar el alarmante declive mundial de la naturaleza. Conforme a lo anterior se podría decir que la ONU se encontraría:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 41 de 134
41. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE LA PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/DMdH0Om
Los estudios detallados que se han realizado en los páramos del oriente de Bogotá, demuestran que las temperaturas bajas permiten un lento depósito de materiales orgánicos en descomposición que sirven de alimento a una serie de especies de microfauna, difícilmente visibles, las cuales son responsables de la lenta descomposición de la materia orgánica en pie, de los frailejones, los pastos y la vegetación en general y dan paso a una lenta sucesión de cambios de abundancia en las hojas vivas, de las marcescentes y de las muertas. Pequeños mamíferos como el guache, el borugo de páramo y la guagua loba, remueven la materia orgánica de troncos de frailejones en descomposición y de la hojarasca y consumen los insectos adultos y sus larvas.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/2MdH9qC
2. Bogotá se encuentra en constante crecimiento, principalmente por la cantidad de habitantes que debe albergar año tras año. Teniendo en cuenta las leyes de los páramos, sería correcto pensar que un plan o ley a futuro debería:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 42 de 134
42. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE LA PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/DMdH0Om
Los estudios detallados que se han realizado en los páramos del oriente de Bogotá, demuestran que las temperaturas bajas permiten un lento depósito de materiales orgánicos en descomposición que sirven de alimento a una serie de especies de microfauna, difícilmente visibles, las cuales son responsables de la lenta descomposición de la materia orgánica en pie, de los frailejones, los pastos y la vegetación en general y dan paso a una lenta sucesión de cambios de abundancia en las hojas vivas, de las marcescentes y de las muertas. Pequeños mamíferos como el guache, el borugo de páramo y la guagua loba, remueven la materia orgánica de troncos de frailejones en descomposición y de la hojarasca y consumen los insectos adultos y sus larvas.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/2MdH9qC
3. En una noticia del 2018 el representante a la Cámara del Partido Mira, Carlos Eduardo Guevara, ponente de la Ley de Páramo, explicó que la intención es que “haya una transición para que los agricultores que están en los páramos, cambien sus actividades de un alto impacto al ecosistema, a un ejercicio de bajo impacto”, tarea que se hará entre los ministerios de Ambiente y Agricultura, que deberán expedir un reglamento.
Adicionalmente, el representante señaló que “se espera que haya un proceso de reconversión, no tanto como la actividad agrícola, sino de las formas de hacer el trabajo, hacer actividades agrícolas, que tienen menor impacto en la tierra, así como el tipo de producto. No se podrá hacer la cebolla y la papa, hay que pasar a otros productos amigables”. promocionar la venta de hogares autosustentables que permitan un sano desarrollo del país. Lo anterior implicará que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 43 de 134
43. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE LA PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/GMdMQaP
- El sector cuaternario es una parte de la economía cuya característica es estar basado en el conocimiento y tener servicios imposibles de mecanizar, tales como la generación e intercambio de información, tecnología, consultoría, educación, investigación y desarrollo, planificación financiera entre otros servicios o actividades principalmente intelectuales.
Este sector se ha visto beneficiado por la inmediatez de la comunicación, sin embargo, existen algunas problemáticas que pueden ser poco amigables a la vida de un ser humano, entre estas se puede reconocer:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 44 de 134
44. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasCON BASE EN LA INFORMACIÓN RESPONDE LA PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/GMdMQaP
2. El capitalismo es un sistema social y económico derivado del usufructo de la propiedad privada sobre el capital como herramienta de producción, que se encuentra mayormente constituido por las relaciones empresariales vinculadas a las actividades de inversión y obtención de beneficios, así como de relaciones laborales, tanto autónomas como asalariadas subordinadas. En el desarrollo de este sistema económico de qué manera la tecnología ha tomado partido:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 45 de 134
45. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias Ciudadanas
Tomado de https://cutt.ly/hMd8r6V
El proceso industrializador, que tuvo su origen en Inglaterra y luego se extendió por Europa no sólo tuvo un gran impacto económico, sino que además generó enormes transformaciones sociales. Lo anterior podría comprenderse como:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 46 de 134
46. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasLa modernización de la agricultura-en virtud de la cual cada día se necesita un número menor de personas para realizar determinada labor-y la extensión parcial de los beneficios de la salud pública a las zonas rurales, con el consiguiente descenso de las tasas de mortalidad, contribuyen eficazmente al proceso de urbanización, especialmente notorio en
América Latina.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/5MfyCz7
De lo anterior se puede concluir que la industrialización contribuyó enormemente a los procesos de:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 47 de 134
47. Pregunta
Categoría: Competencias CiudadanasLos esfuerzos que realizan todos los países latinoamericanos tendientes a obtener su desarrollo industrial han significado la implantación de técnicas muy avanzadas para un medio sociocultural todavía en crecimiento, y la organización de clases empresariales y laborales improvisadas.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/5MfyCz7Este tipo de circunstancias generan algunas problemáticas relacionadas con:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 48 de 134
48. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLa soda cáustica es un sólido blanco, corrosivo e higroscópico, es decir, que absorbe la humedad del aire. Se disuelve muy bien en el agua liberando una gran cantidad de calor. Generalmente se utiliza en forma sólida o en solución. Este compuesto se denomina químicamente como hidróxido de sodio y es uno de los principales compuestos químicos
utilizados en la industria. Por ejemplo, se usa en la fabricación de papel, en la industria del algodón y de textiles, en la elaboración de jabón y en la producción de muchos compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos.
Para preparar el hidróxido de sodio se pueden utilizar dos métodos:
El primero es hacer reaccionar carbonato de sodio con cal apagada o por electrólisis.
Esta reacción se hace entre el carbonato de sodio e hidróxido de calcio (cal apagada): Al hacer reaccionar carbonato de sodio (Na2(CO3 )) con hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH) 2) se forma un precipitado de carbonato de calcio Ca(CO3 ) más hidróxido de sodio. La ecuación iónica que representa esta reacción es:
Y el segundo método es por electrolisis Electrólisis del cloruro de sodio:
La electrólisis de una solución de sal común en agua produce cloro y sodio. El sodio reacciona con el agua de la pila electrolítica, produciendo soda cáustica; y el cloro se usa en la fabricación de papel y pasta de madera.
Fuente:
www.textoscienticos.com/quimica/sodacaustica
www.sicanet.com.ar/monograas
- Teniendo en cuenta la lectura anterior se puede deducir que la formula molecular de la soda caustica es
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 49 de 134
49. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLa soda cáustica es un sólido blanco, corrosivo e higroscópico, es decir, que absorbe la humedad del aire. Se disuelve muy bien en el agua liberando una gran cantidad de calor. Generalmente se utiliza en forma sólida o en solución. Este compuesto se denomina químicamente como hidróxido de sodio y es uno de los principales compuestos químicos
utilizados en la industria. Por ejemplo, se usa en la fabricación de papel, en la industria del algodón y de textiles, en la elaboración de jabón y en la producción de muchos compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos.
Para preparar el hidróxido de sodio se pueden utilizar dos métodos:
El primero es hacer reaccionar carbonato de sodio con cal apagada o por electrólisis.
Esta reacción se hace entre el carbonato de sodio e hidróxido de calcio (cal apagada): Al hacer reaccionar carbonato de sodio (Na2(CO3 )) con hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH) 2) se forma un precipitado de carbonato de calcio Ca(CO3 ) más hidróxido de sodio. La ecuación iónica que representa esta reacción es:
Y el segundo método es por electrolisis Electrólisis del cloruro de sodio:
La electrólisis de una solución de sal común en agua produce cloro y sodio. El sodio reacciona con el agua de la pila electrolítica, produciendo soda cáustica; y el cloro se usa en la fabricación de papel y pasta de madera.
Fuente:
www.textoscienticos.com/quimica/sodacaustica
www.sicanet.com.ar/monograas
Sabemos que la electrolisis es el proceso por el cual hay una separación de elementos por medio de la electricidad esto nos determina que el diagrama para la producción de soda caustica (hidróxido de sodio) según el texto es:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 50 de 134
50. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLa soda cáustica es un sólido blanco, corrosivo e higroscópico, es decir, que absorbe la humedad del aire. Se disuelve muy bien en el agua liberando una gran cantidad de calor. Generalmente se utiliza en forma sólida o en solución. Este compuesto se denomina químicamente como hidróxido de sodio y es uno de los principales compuestos químicos
utilizados en la industria. Por ejemplo, se usa en la fabricación de papel, en la industria del algodón y de textiles, en la elaboración de jabón y en la producción de muchos compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos.
Para preparar el hidróxido de sodio se pueden utilizar dos métodos:
El primero es hacer reaccionar carbonato de sodio con cal apagada o por electrólisis.
Esta reacción se hace entre el carbonato de sodio e hidróxido de calcio (cal apagada): Al hacer reaccionar carbonato de sodio (Na2(CO3 )) con hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH) 2) se forma un precipitado de carbonato de calcio Ca(CO3 ) más hidróxido de sodio. La ecuación iónica que representa esta reacción es:
Y el segundo método es por electrolisis Electrólisis del cloruro de sodio:
La electrólisis de una solución de sal común en agua produce cloro y sodio. El sodio reacciona con el agua de la pila electrolítica, produciendo soda cáustica; y el cloro se usa en la fabricación de papel y pasta de madera.
Fuente:
www.textoscienticos.com/quimica/sodacaustica
www.sicanet.com.ar/monograas
La soda caustica Al ser un producto tan versátil, es ampliamente utilizado en escenarios domésticos e industriales. Algunos de sus usos más populares son: lafabricación de insumos industriales, la producción de jabón y ofrece la facilidad de controlar el pH en el tratamiento de aguas por ser altamente alcalino. Por ende podemos decir que el hidróxido de sodio se ubica en la escala:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 51 de 134
51. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLos antecedentes históricos de la tabla periódica:
Las octavas de Newlands
En 1864, el inglés John Newlands organizó los elementos conocidos hasta entonces de
acuerdo con el orden creciente de sus masas atómicas en grupos de siete. Así, formó
períodos en los que el octavo elemento se parecía al primero; el noveno al segundo, etc.,
por lo que cada ocho elementos, aparecía otro con propiedades similares a las del primero.
Es decir, en la misma columna había elementos con propiedades comunes. Newlands llamó
a esta organización “ley de las octavas”.
Su primera octava quedó constituida de la siguiente manera (Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F). La
segunda octava incluía el sodio, con propiedades análogas al litio; el magnesio, análogo al
berilio, y así sucesivamente con el aluminio, el silicio, el fósforo, el azufre y el cloro (Na,
Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl).La clasificación de Mendeléiev que nació en 1871, propuso una nueva clasificación de los
63 elementos conocidos hasta ahora a dicha clasificación la llamo tabla periódica para
elaborarla, Mendeléiev se basó en la idea de Newlands; es decir, también organizó los
elementos según un orden creciente de sus masas atómicas, y los agrupó en líneas
horizontales o períodos y en columnas verticales o grupos, de tal manera que todos los
elementos de un mismo grupo presentaban propiedades químicas similares. El genio de
Mendeléiev dejó espacios vacíos para los elementos que, según él, no habían sido
descubiertos, y predijo sus propiedades a partir del comportamiento periódico de los
elementos conocidos. Por ejemplo, no existía ningún elemento conocido que sus
propiedades se ubicara debajo del aluminio. Por tanto, dejó un espacio para un nuevo
elemento, al que dio el nombre de eka-alumninio —que quiere decir “un espacio debajo del
aluminio”— y enunció sus propiedades.Por ende, nace el diagrama de Moeller donde hay una serie de datos que proporcionan los
números cuánticos dependiendo de sus característica y números de electrones en cada
orbital
“Las propiedades de los elementos químicos no son arbitrarias, sino que dependen de su
masa atómica y varían de una manera periódica al ordenarlos en función creciente a esta
propiedad.”Fuente:
https://uft.cl/images/futuros_alumnos/profesores_orientadores/material-
pedagogico/Guia_2_Sistema_periodico_de_los_elementos_y_enlace_quimico.pdfDIAGRAMA DE REACCIÓN QUÍMICA
El siguiente esquema describe el proceso de reacción del litio con el flúor. Teniendo en cuenta la información del texto sobre la construcción de tablas, se puede decir que en la tabla periódica el flúor se encuentra ubicado en el grupo
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 52 de 134
52. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLos antecedentes históricos de la tabla periódica:
Las octavas de Newlands
En 1864, el inglés John Newlands organizó los elementos conocidos hasta entonces de
acuerdo con el orden creciente de sus masas atómicas en grupos de siete. Así, formó
períodos en los que el octavo elemento se parecía al primero; el noveno al segundo, etc.,
por lo que cada ocho elementos, aparecía otro con propiedades similares a las del primero.
Es decir, en la misma columna había elementos con propiedades comunes. Newlands llamó
a esta organización “ley de las octavas”.Su primera octava quedó constituida de la siguiente manera (Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F). La
segunda octava incluía el sodio, con propiedades análogas al litio; el magnesio, análogo al
berilio, y así sucesivamente con el aluminio, el silicio, el fósforo, el azufre y el cloro (Na,
Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl).La clasificación de Mendeléiev que nació en 1871, propuso una nueva clasificación de los
63 elementos conocidos hasta ahora a dicha clasificación la llamo tabla periódica para
elaborarla, Mendeléiev se basó en la idea de Newlands; es decir, también organizó los
elementos según un orden creciente de sus masas atómicas, y los agrupó en líneas
horizontales o períodos y en columnas verticales o grupos, de tal manera que todos los
elementos de un mismo grupo presentaban propiedades químicas similares. El genio de
Mendeléiev dejó espacios vacíos para los elementos que, según él, no habían sido
descubiertos, y predijo sus propiedades a partir del comportamiento periódico de los
elementos conocidos. Por ejemplo, no existía ningún elemento conocido que sus
propiedades se ubicara debajo del aluminio. Por tanto, dejó un espacio para un nuevo
elemento, al que dio el nombre de eka-alumninio —que quiere decir “un espacio debajo del
aluminio”— y enunció sus propiedades.Por ende, nace el diagrama de Moeller donde hay una serie de datos que proporcionan los
números cuánticos dependiendo de sus característica y números de electrones en cada
orbital“Las propiedades de los elementos químicos no son arbitrarias, sino que dependen de su
masa atómica y varían de una manera periódica al ordenarlos en función creciente a esta
propiedad.”Fuente:
https://uft.cl/images/futuros_alumnos/profesores_orientadores/material-
pedagogico/Guia_2_Sistema_periodico_de_los_elementos_y_enlace_quimico.pdfDe acuerdo a la configuración electrónica del Litio y flúor se puede afirmar que estos dos elementos se encuentran ubicados en la tabla periódica en el periodo:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 53 de 134
53. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLos antecedentes históricos de la tabla periódica:
Las octavas de Newlands
En 1864, el inglés John Newlands organizó los elementos conocidos hasta entonces de
acuerdo con el orden creciente de sus masas atómicas en grupos de siete. Así, formó
períodos en los que el octavo elemento se parecía al primero; el noveno al segundo, etc.,
por lo que cada ocho elementos, aparecía otro con propiedades similares a las del primero.
Es decir, en la misma columna había elementos con propiedades comunes. Newlands llamó
a esta organización “ley de las octavas”.Su primera octava quedó constituida de la siguiente manera (Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F). La
segunda octava incluía el sodio, con propiedades análogas al litio; el magnesio, análogo al
berilio, y así sucesivamente con el aluminio, el silicio, el fósforo, el azufre y el cloro (Na,
Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl).La clasificación de Mendeléiev que nació en 1871, propuso una nueva clasificación de los
63 elementos conocidos hasta ahora a dicha clasificación la llamo tabla periódica para
elaborarla, Mendeléiev se basó en la idea de Newlands; es decir, también organizó los
elementos según un orden creciente de sus masas atómicas, y los agrupó en líneas
horizontales o períodos y en columnas verticales o grupos, de tal manera que todos los
elementos de un mismo grupo presentaban propiedades químicas similares. El genio de
Mendeléiev dejó espacios vacíos para los elementos que, según él, no habían sido
descubiertos, y predijo sus propiedades a partir del comportamiento periódico de los
elementos conocidos. Por ejemplo, no existía ningún elemento conocido que sus
propiedades se ubicara debajo del aluminio. Por tanto, dejó un espacio para un nuevo
elemento, al que dio el nombre de eka-alumninio —que quiere decir “un espacio debajo del
aluminio”— y enunció sus propiedades.Por ende, nace el diagrama de Moeller donde hay una serie de datos que proporcionan los
números cuánticos dependiendo de sus característica y números de electrones en cada
orbital“Las propiedades de los elementos químicos no son arbitrarias, sino que dependen de su
masa atómica y varían de una manera periódica al ordenarlos en función creciente a esta
propiedad.”Fuente:
https://uft.cl/images/futuros_alumnos/profesores_orientadores/material-
pedagogico/Guia_2_Sistema_periodico_de_los_elementos_y_enlace_quimico.pdf
Una ecuación química debe estar balanceada para ser correcta, de otra forma no representaría lo que sucede en la realidad, por eso para balancear una ecuación química, debemos confirmar que el número de los átomos del lado izquierdo de la reacción es igual al lado derecho de los productos. Lo anterior, sirve para presentar de forma correcta las proporciones de sustancias que reaccionan y la cantidad de productos que se obtiene.
Teniendo en cuenta la información es correcto afirmar que la materia:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 54 de 134
54. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLos antecedentes históricos de la tabla periódica:
Las octavas de Newlands
En 1864, el inglés John Newlands organizó los elementos conocidos hasta entonces de
acuerdo con el orden creciente de sus masas atómicas en grupos de siete. Así, formó
períodos en los que el octavo elemento se parecía al primero; el noveno al segundo, etc.,
por lo que cada ocho elementos, aparecía otro con propiedades similares a las del primero.
Es decir, en la misma columna había elementos con propiedades comunes. Newlands llamó
a esta organización “ley de las octavas”.Su primera octava quedó constituida de la siguiente manera (Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F). La
segunda octava incluía el sodio, con propiedades análogas al litio; el magnesio, análogo al
berilio, y así sucesivamente con el aluminio, el silicio, el fósforo, el azufre y el cloro (Na,
Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl).La clasificación de Mendeléiev que nació en 1871, propuso una nueva clasificación de los
63 elementos conocidos hasta ahora a dicha clasificación la llamo tabla periódica para
elaborarla, Mendeléiev se basó en la idea de Newlands; es decir, también organizó los
elementos según un orden creciente de sus masas atómicas, y los agrupó en líneas
horizontales o períodos y en columnas verticales o grupos, de tal manera que todos los
elementos de un mismo grupo presentaban propiedades químicas similares. El genio de
Mendeléiev dejó espacios vacíos para los elementos que, según él, no habían sido
descubiertos, y predijo sus propiedades a partir del comportamiento periódico de los
elementos conocidos. Por ejemplo, no existía ningún elemento conocido que sus
propiedades se ubicara debajo del aluminio. Por tanto, dejó un espacio para un nuevo
elemento, al que dio el nombre de eka-alumninio —que quiere decir “un espacio debajo del
aluminio”— y enunció sus propiedades.Por ende, nace el diagrama de Moeller donde hay una serie de datos que proporcionan los
números cuánticos dependiendo de sus característica y números de electrones en cada
orbital“Las propiedades de los elementos químicos no son arbitrarias, sino que dependen de su
masa atómica y varían de una manera periódica al ordenarlos en función creciente a esta
propiedad.”Fuente:
https://uft.cl/images/futuros_alumnos/profesores_orientadores/material-
pedagogico/Guia_2_Sistema_periodico_de_los_elementos_y_enlace_quimico.pdfDe la ecuación anterior podemos deducir que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 55 de 134
55. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLos antecedentes históricos de la tabla periódica:
Las octavas de Newlands
En 1864, el inglés John Newlands organizó los elementos conocidos hasta entonces de
acuerdo con el orden creciente de sus masas atómicas en grupos de siete. Así, formó
períodos en los que el octavo elemento se parecía al primero; el noveno al segundo, etc.,
por lo que cada ocho elementos, aparecía otro con propiedades similares a las del primero.
Es decir, en la misma columna había elementos con propiedades comunes. Newlands llamó
a esta organización “ley de las octavas”.Su primera octava quedó constituida de la siguiente manera (Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F). La
segunda octava incluía el sodio, con propiedades análogas al litio; el magnesio, análogo al
berilio, y así sucesivamente con el aluminio, el silicio, el fósforo, el azufre y el cloro (Na,
Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl).La clasificación de Mendeléiev que nació en 1871, propuso una nueva clasificación de los
63 elementos conocidos hasta ahora a dicha clasificación la llamo tabla periódica para
elaborarla, Mendeléiev se basó en la idea de Newlands; es decir, también organizó los
elementos según un orden creciente de sus masas atómicas, y los agrupó en líneas
horizontales o períodos y en columnas verticales o grupos, de tal manera que todos los
elementos de un mismo grupo presentaban propiedades químicas similares. El genio de
Mendeléiev dejó espacios vacíos para los elementos que, según él, no habían sido
descubiertos, y predijo sus propiedades a partir del comportamiento periódico de los
elementos conocidos. Por ejemplo, no existía ningún elemento conocido que sus
propiedades se ubicara debajo del aluminio. Por tanto, dejó un espacio para un nuevo
elemento, al que dio el nombre de eka-alumninio —que quiere decir “un espacio debajo del
aluminio”— y enunció sus propiedades.Por ende, nace el diagrama de Moeller donde hay una serie de datos que proporcionan los
números cuánticos dependiendo de sus característica y números de electrones en cada
orbital“Las propiedades de los elementos químicos no son arbitrarias, sino que dependen de su
masa atómica y varían de una manera periódica al ordenarlos en función creciente a esta
propiedad.”Fuente:
https://uft.cl/images/futuros_alumnos/profesores_orientadores/material-
pedagogico/Guia_2_Sistema_periodico_de_los_elementos_y_enlace_quimico.pdfla mejor representación de la ecuación empírica en ecuación molecular y balanceada es:
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Pregunta 56 de 134
56. Pregunta
Categoría: Química
La fórmula molecular del Alqueno de tres carbonos y que presenta un solo enlace doble es
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Pregunta 57 de 134
57. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaEl ácido clorhídrico se le llama acido estomacal, porque es el principal acido de los jugos digestivos (0,10 m). Cuando la concentración de ácido clorhídrico es muy elevada surgen problemas, esto puede ir desde el conocido ardor de estómago, hasta las ulceras que pueden abrirse paso atreves del revestimiento de las paredes del estómago.
Una reacción química es típica de ácido-base, como ocurre entre el ácido clorhídrico y el hidróxido de sodio para obtener una sal.
HCL+NAOH NaCl +H2O
Teniendo en cuenta la información se puede concluir que el Ácido Clorhídrico es
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 58 de 134
58. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaEl ácido clorhídrico se le llama acido estomacal, porque es el principal acido de los jugos digestivos (0,10 m). Cuando la concentración de ácido clorhídrico es muy elevada surgen problemas, esto puede ir desde el conocido ardor de estómago, hasta las ulceras que pueden abrirse paso atreves del revestimiento de las paredes del estómago.
Una reacción química es típica de ácido-base, como ocurre entre el ácido clorhídrico y el hidróxido de sodio para obtener una sal.
HCL+NAOH NaCl +H2O
Al reaccionar un gas, como puede ser el Fluor(f) y Cloro(Cl) con el hidrógeno se forma un hidrácido.
Ejemplo: Cloro molecular + Hidrógeno molecular = Ácido Clorhídrico
Al reaccionar un óxido no metal con agua se forma un ácido ternario.
Ejemplo: Trióxido de Azufre + Agua = Ácido Sulfúrico.
Teniendo en cuenta las ecuaciones anteriores, la premisa “Cloro molecular + Hidrógeno molecular = Ácido Clorhídrico” se expresaría de la siguiente manera:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 59 de 134
59. Pregunta
Categoría: Química
Tomado de: https://www.lamanzanadenewton.com/materiales/aplicaciones/ltc/lmn_ltc_03_4.html
Cierta cantidad de masa de un gas se encuentra confinada en un recipiente. Si el volumen del recipiente se reduce a la mitad y la temperatura se mantienen constante la presión ejercida por el gas cambiará a
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 60 de 134
60. Pregunta
Categoría: Química
Tomado de: http://www.pilotoviejo.com/images/graficaboyle.jpg
Analizando la gráfica podemos inferir que intervienen tres magnitudes para el manejo de un gas x, que son:
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Pregunta 61 de 134
61. Pregunta
Categoría: Química
Adaptado de: https://www.ejemplode.com/images/uploads/fisica/ley-de-boyle-mariotte.jpg
Uno de los sistemas utilizados para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas son los cultivos de bacterias, mediante este tratamiento, se produce gas metano (CH4). Este gas se quema fácilmente por ser un hidrocarburo y también se puede recoger.
En una planta de cultivo de bacterias a una atmosfera de presión se produce 2.000 litros de metano cada 12 horas si se aumenta la presión a 5 at ¿Qué volumen de metano se produce durante un día?
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Pregunta 62 de 134
62. Pregunta
Categoría: Química
A partir de lo observado en la gráfica es correcto decir que para este gas:
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Pregunta 63 de 134
63. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLA HISTORIA DE LA ASPIRINA
la historia de la aspirina data desde antigua Grecia Hipócrates describió un brebaje a base de corteza de raíz de sauce (salix alba) el cual resultaba efectivo para disminuir la fiebre y el dolor. Sin embargo, el ingrediente activo, ácido salicílico, solamente fue extraído desde ese material vegetal en 1865.
Actualmente el ácido salicílico es manufacturado empleando la síntesis de kolbe-schmidt, mediante la reacción del fenol con dióxido de carbono en condiciones básicas. Ahora bien, el ácido salicílico presenta efectos colaterales negativos tales como la irritación de la boca, el estómago y los intestinos del paciente. Para lo cual una solución a ese inconveniente, se encontró en la síntesis de ciertas sustancias químicas análogas. Una buena alternativa fue desarrollada por Félix Hofman de la Farben-Fabriken Bayer And Co en 1899, quien junto con Heinrich Dreser patento, como aspirina, el ácido acetilsalicílico producido por reacción del ácido salicílico con anhidrido acético.
FUENTE: iupac-agfa, traducido de 2003) cg14aspirinfrom willow bark to painkiller, didac afga-gevaertn.vchapter s.
CON BASE EN EL TEXTO Y LA IMAGEN RESPONDE LA PREGUNTA 17
ACIDO SALICILICO
Como se observa en la representación, la estructura del ácido salicílico se deriva de la estructura del fenol, una molécula cuya fórmula condensada es:
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Pregunta 64 de 134
64. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLa capa de ozono
El ozono (O3) es un gas constituido por tres átomos de oxígeno. Aproximadamente el 90% de este gas se encuentra en la estratosfera, capa de la atmósfera que se ubica entre los 8 y 18 km sobre la superficie terrestre y se extiende hasta altura aproximada de 50 km. A la zona en que se ubica este gas se le denomina capa de ozono. La capa de ozono ha sido fundamental para el desarrollo y mantención de la vida en el planeta, actuando como un verdadero escudo protector que filtra la radiación ultravioleta (UV-B) que emite el Sol. Junto con lo anterior, el ozono presente en la estratosfera influye en la distribución de la temperatura a través de la atmósfera de la Tierra.
La molécula de ozono es muy inestable, y debido a las radiaciones altamente energéticas provenientes del Sol se producen y descomponen continuamente moléculas de este gas, Así, el ozono se descompone en una molécula de oxígeno molecular (O2) y un átomo de oxígeno libre; y sobre la molécula de oxígeno liberada vuelve a formarse una nueva molécula de ozono. Por lo tanto, el O3 está en continuo proceso de formación y destrucción.
Una representación gráfica adecuada del fragmento que se encuentra subrayado en la lectura sería:
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Pregunta 65 de 134
65. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLos clorofluorocarbonos (CFC) son una familia de compuestos formados por átomos de carbono, flúor y cloro. Estos compuestos no son tóxicos, ni inflamables y tienen una reactividad muy baja. Además, tienen unas propiedades físicas que los hacen muy eficaces como refrigerantes. Por todas estas características, los CFC son unos compuestos muy útiles comercialmente; con extensas aplicaciones como refrigerantes, gases propelentes en sprays y en espumas, aislantes, etc., e incluso como limpiadores por sus propiedades disolventes.
Sin embargo, por más de que se consideraban inofensivos, se observó una relación directa entre las emisiones de CFC a la atmósfera y el tamaño del agujero de la capa de ozono cada temporada. Esto se debe a la baja reactividad de los CFC, que permite que lleguen inalterados a la estratosfera. Una vez allí, la radiación UV los fotoliza, liberando radicales de cloro (Cl·). Estos radicales de cloro intervienen en una serie de reacciones químicas cuyo resultado es la destrucción de las moléculas de ozono (O3), con la consiguiente disminución del espesor de la capa de ozono estratosférica. Ahora se consideran volátiles debido a que son halógenos, además, se estima que un sólo radical de cloro es capaz de destruir unas 50 mil moléculas de ozono.
Adaptado de: https://cutt.ly/iMbpSNU
Teniendo en cuenta la información anterior se puede decir que la estructura molecular de los CFCs es:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 66 de 134
66. Pregunta
Categoría: QuímicaLos clorofluorocarbonos (CFC) son una familia de compuestos formados por átomos de carbono, flúor y cloro. Estos compuestos no son tóxicos, ni inflamables y tienen una reactividad muy baja. Además, tienen unas propiedades físicas que los hacen muy eficaces como refrigerantes. Por todas estas características, los CFC son unos compuestos muy útiles comercialmente; con extensas aplicaciones como refrigerantes, gases propelentes en sprays y en espumas, aislantes, etc., e incluso como limpiadores por sus propiedades disolventes.
Sin embargo, por más de que se consideraban inofensivos, se observó una relación directa entre las emisiones de CFC a la atmósfera y el tamaño del agujero de la capa de ozono cada temporada. Esto se debe a la baja reactividad de los CFC, que permite que lleguen inalterados a la estratosfera. Una vez allí, la radiación UV los fotoliza, liberando radicales de cloro (Cl·). Estos radicales de cloro intervienen en una serie de reacciones químicas cuyo resultado es la destrucción de las moléculas de ozono (O3), con la consiguiente disminución del espesor de la capa de ozono estratosférica. Ahora se consideran volátiles debido a que son halógenos, además, se estima que un sólo radical de cloro es capaz de destruir unas 50 mil moléculas de ozono.
Adaptado de: https://cutt.ly/iMbpSNU
Teniendo en cuenta la oración “se considera volátiles debido a que son halógenos”, podemos concluir que los elementos halógenos en la tabla periódica son:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 67 de 134
67. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA
En una clase de colegio el docente indica a los estudiantes que coloquen dos imanes en una mesa, en la disposición que aparece en la imagen anterior, teniendo en cuenta las cargas y el campo electromagnético que se presenta entre estos dos imanes sería correcto afirmar que la mejor ilustración que describe su comportamiento es:
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Pregunta 68 de 134
68. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LAS PREGUNTAS
La fuerza normal es una fuerza de contacto. Si dos superficies no están en contacto, no pueden ejercer fuerza normal una sobre la otra. Por ejemplo, las superficies de una mesa y una caja no ejercen fuerza normal una sobre la otra si no están en contacto.
Sin embargo, cuando dos superficies están en contacto (por ejemplo, la caja y la mesa), ejercen fuerza normal la una sobre la otra, perpendicular a las superficies de contacto, la cual será tan grande como sea necesario para prevenir que las superficies se penetren. Esto es porque la fuerza normal, usualmente representada por F, o simplemente N, es una fuerza en dirección perpendicular a las dos superficies en contacto previniendo que los objetos se atraviesen el uno al otro.
Las superficies también pueden ejercer fuerzas de contacto en dirección paralela a ellas mismas, pero a estas fuerzas las llamamos fuerzas de fricción (ya que trabajan para prevenir que las superficies se deslicen entre ellas) en vez de llamarlas fuerzas normales
Adaptado de: https://cutt.ly/pMm2IE9
Teniendo en cuenta la información sobre la fuerza normal, se plantea la situación representada en la gráfica, en donde un objeto se encuentra estático en una mesa y lo que se intenta identificar es la sumatoria de las fuerzas, teniendo en mente que se ejerce una fuerza normal, la una sobre la otra, perpendicular a las superficies de contacto
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Pregunta 69 de 134
69. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaAna vive en una ciudad un poco insegura, por lo que es usual escuchar las sirenas de las patrullas, las cuales suelen pasar de derecha a la izquierda, suponiendo que una patrulla pasara a una velocidad constante como se muestra en la representación.
Es correcto afirmar que la longitud de onda:
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Pregunta 70 de 134
70. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaUn grupo de estudiantes debe exponer distintas formas de extracción, sin embargo como el grupo es numeroso, puede que se repitan los temas, por lo que la dinámica que propone el grupo es de evaluación de conceptos, la idea es que ellos explicarán el tema y los demás estudiantes seleccionaran el tipo de extracción del que se está hablando, su explicación propone la extracción de un gas de esquisto, un tipo de hidrocarburo no convencional que se encuentra literalmente atrapado en capas de roca, a gran profundidad. Para ello luego de perforar hasta alcanzar la roca de esquisto, se inyectan a alta presión grandes cantidades de agua con aditivos químicos y arena para fracturar la roca y liberar el gas, metano. Cuando el gas comienza a fluir de regreso lo hace con parte del fluido inyectado a alta presión.
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/vMQaqhe
La anterior explicación junto a la gráfica corresponde a un proceso de:
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Pregunta 71 de 134
71. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LAS PREGUNTAS
En una clase de colegio, para la materia de física, los estudiantes conectaron dos baterías registrando el voltaje de cada una de ellas, como se evidencia en la gráfica, como se evidencia la manera en la que se conecten las baterías afecta el voltaje final de la unión de ambas, entonces si se conectaran 4 baterías el voltaje esperado en cada caso sería:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 72 de 134
72. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LAS PREGUNTAS
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/bMWuVeZ
Cuando hay dos o más dispositivos eléctricos en un circuito con una fuente de energía, hay un par de formas básicas en las que los conectamos. Se pueden conectar en serie o en combinaciones paralelas. Un circuito en serie es un circuito en el que dos componentes comparten un nodo común y la misma corriente fluye a través de ellos. Mientras en un circuito paralelo, los componentes comparten dos nodos comunes.
Teniendo en cuenta la información sería correcto afirmar que:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 73 de 134
73. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA
La ley de Coulomb señala que la fuerza F (newton, N) con que dos carga eléctricas Q y q (culombio, C) se atraen o repelen es proporcional al producto de las mismas e inversamente proporcional al cuadrado de la distancia r (metro, m) que las separa.
K es la constante eléctrica (9*109N*m2C2) Y es el medio de Las dos cargas que tienen igual signo, la fuerza es positiva e indica repulsión. Si ambas cargas poseen signos opuestos, la fuerza es negativa y denota atracción
Tomado de: https://cutt.ly/QMWcw72
En un espacio en condiciones ideales, se disponen dos esferas donde cada una en su núcleo posee una carga de 4μc y la otra de (8μc) las cuales están alejadas a una distancia de 4 m, la fuerza en Newton es, teniendo en cuenta dicha disposición se puede afirmar que la fuerza electrostática de las dos esferas es de:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 74 de 134
74. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA
En la ilustración podemos observar dos científicas que separan dos partículas a una distancia de 2m, las cuales poseen una carga de (5μc) y 10μc, teniendo en cuenta dichas condiciones, se puede concluir que la fuerza de atracción que tienen las partículas en Newton es:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 75 de 134
75. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA
Cuando se ejerce una presión adicional sobre un fluido, esta presión se da por igual a todos los puntos del fluido y a las paredes del recipiente que lo contiene. Este fenómeno se denomina principio de Pascal
La prensa hidráulica en la ilustración Tiene una base con área A2 de 108,3cm^2 que está sobre un tubo lleno con agua que conecta en forma de U a otra base de área A1 de 8 cm. La fuerza de A2 es F2 que levanta el carro con una fuerza de 42.000N hacia arriba. A lo largo del agua hasta que llegue al área A1 que es menor que A2 se ejerce una fuerza F1 hacia arriba que levanta un automóvil esto quiere decir que la fuerza del pistón pequeño (F1) es:
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 76 de 134
76. Pregunta
Categoría: FísicaCON BASE A LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA
Principio de Arquímedes
El principio de Arquímedes indica que todo fluido ejerce una presión sobre los cuerpos que se encuentran sumergidos en su interior. La presión ejercida por los líquidos aumenta con la profundidad. Mientras más profundo está el cuerpo, mayor es la presión que tiene que soportar. La presión que un líquido ejerce sobre un cuerpo sumergido es mayor en la parte inferior del cuerpo que en la parte superior. Esta diferencia de presiones produce una fuerza dirigida de abajo hacia arriba que tiende a llevar el cuerpo hacia la superficie del líquido. A esta fuerza se le denomina empuje y fue descubierta por Arquímedes.
Adaptado de: https://cutt.ly/bMWmmdE
Todo cuerpo sumergido en un fluido experimenta una fuerza de empuje hacia arriba, en este caso si se tratara de un barco, como el de la ilustración, que pesa 1.500 toneladas es acertado pensar que la presión que ejercen el barco para flotar es:
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Pregunta 77 de 134
77. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
Piece of thick plastic that hangs behind the rear tires of a car in order to stop mud and water from splashing up.
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Pregunta 78 de 134
78. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
Thick rubber ring that connects the car to the ground. Cars normally have four tires.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 79 de 134
79. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
It is the front window of the car that the driver looks through.
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Pregunta 80 de 134
80. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
Round piece of metal that goes over the wheel of a car..
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 81 de 134
81. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
It is the pattern on a tire that makes the tire safer by helping it grip the road better.
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Pregunta 82 de 134
82. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo con el contexto
We’ve never had either of those viruses here before.
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Pregunta 83 de 134
83. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo con el contexto
Have you traveled a lot? You told me about customs strange to ours.
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Pregunta 84 de 134
84. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo al contexto
I’m feeling really down today, I think I’m going to hit the shack.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 85 de 134
85. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo al contexto
What did he say? Did he ask you out? Did he say you were reciprocated? What? Tell me about it!
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Pregunta 86 de 134
86. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo al contexto
What did he say? Did he ask you out? Did he say you were reciprocated? What? Tell me about it!
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Pregunta 87 de 134
87. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo al contexto
Do you know how i know? because i heard something straight from the horse’s mouth.
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Pregunta 88 de 134
88. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 89 de 134
89. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
2.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 90 de 134
90. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
3.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 91 de 134
91. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
4.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 92 de 134
92. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
5.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 93 de 134
93. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
6.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 94 de 134
94. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
7.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 95 de 134
95. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Blue Gum Tree
It was a week night, we were a half dozen guys in our late teens, hanging around ‘the flat’ – as usual. The flat was (1) _________ furnished, a few old chairs in the lounge, (2) _________ chrome and formica in the kitchen, a mattress on the floor of each bedroom. The only thing of any real value in the place was “the Stereo”. Like a shrine we would kneel before it, changing records, or adjusting the tone controls. After a time, even this most holy of appliances grew tiresome. We wanted action.
We got in the car – a big white Valiant, big enough for all of us to crowd into – and off we went, in search of adventure. We soon found (3) _________ at Blue Gum Corner, a place named after the lone huge old blue gum tree that stood by there, a well-known local landmark. It stands at a minor intersection leading to our town. The trunk is tall and smooth with no handholds for climbing. About six metres from the ground the first branch sticks out over the road.
We parked beneath the huge old tree and discussed what we might do. It was decided that we would use the tow-rope from the car to try to climb it. I (4) _________ the roof of the car and threw the rope over the lowest branch, tied it off, and gave it a good tug. One of the guys remarked how the loop at the bottom end of the rope looked like a noose – used for hanging. All at once the young thrill-seekers hatched an idea – we would fake a hanging! I was nominated as ‘hangee’.
The plan was absurdly simple. As I was there, the rope was threaded down my jacket through my collar and down one leg of my jeans. I put my foot through the loop at the bottom and the car was driven away and hidden down the road. There I hung, motionless. The boys rolled about laughing until, A car, I hear a car! Before they ran to hide, they gave me a good shove so that ‘the body’ would swing as the car drove by.
To our collective (5) _________ , the car simply turned off for town without even slowing. The boys came out of their hiding places and we discussed the situation, surely they had seen me, (6) _________ ? Then we heard another car, the act was repeated, but still without any apparent reaction. We played the game about five or six times, but as no one seemed to notice, we abandoned the prank . What we did not know was that every car that had passed had definitely seen ‘the body’ and each one, too scared to stop, had driven directly to the local Police Station. Now at that time of the night, the local constable was well tucked up in his bed, so the first person dispatched to the scene was the traffic officer that happened to be on duty that particular night.
The traffic officer that arrived on the scene that night was typical of his kind; moustached, timid, and not the smartest person in town.
Hearing the siren before we saw the car, we had time to run and hide in the field beside the tree. I finally felt that familiar mix of fear and excitement we had been (7) _________ for all night.
The traffic officer, always the professional, (8) _________ scanning the area with his spotlight; as soon as the light was off any one of us, we would begin to crawl away. The resulting rustling and scuttling sounds would cause the light to be turned on the spot any noise emanated from, the crawler instantly freezing….
(To be continue…)
Excerpt taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/story-blue-gum-tree.htm
8.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 96 de 134
96. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésFour positive books about the world
Factfulness – Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Rosling, along with two collaborators, asks simple questions about the world. Questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
For example, most people divide the world into US and THEM. In addition, we often believe that things are getting worse. And we are consuming large amounts of media that use a sales model based on making us afraid.
But according to the authors, the world isn’t as bad as we think. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book is not concerned with the underlying reasons for poverty or progress, or what should be done about these issues. It focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Enlightenment Now – Steven Pinker
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives.
Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. When the evidence does not support his argument, however, he dismisses it. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. One cannot help wondering how many people actually living in poverty would agree.
The real problem, Pinker argues, is that the Enlightenment values of reason and science are under attack. When commentators and demagogues appeal to people’s tribalism, fatalism and distrust, then we are in danger of causing irreparable damage to important institutions like democracy and world co-operation.
The Rational Optimist – Matt Ridley
For more than two hundred years the pessimists have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But in fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. These trends are happening all around the world. Africa is slowly coming out of poverty, just as Asia did before. The internet, mobile phones and worldwide trade are making the lives of millions of people much better.
Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialisation. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the notion that it’s all going downhill. The glass really is half-full.
The Great Surge – Steven Radelet
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change. But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. Additionally, six million fewer children die every year from disease, millions more girls are in school and millions of people have access to clean water.
This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.
The Great Surge describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can accelerate the process.
Excerpt taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/four-book-summaries
What is the name of the contributors to the book titled Factfulness?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 97 de 134
97. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésFour positive books about the world
Factfulness – Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Rosling, along with two collaborators, asks simple questions about the world. Questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
For example, most people divide the world into US and THEM. In addition, we often believe that things are getting worse. And we are consuming large amounts of media that use a sales model based on making us afraid.
But according to the authors, the world isn’t as bad as we think. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book is not concerned with the underlying reasons for poverty or progress, or what should be done about these issues. It focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Enlightenment Now – Steven Pinker
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives.
Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. When the evidence does not support his argument, however, he dismisses it. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. One cannot help wondering how many people actually living in poverty would agree.
The real problem, Pinker argues, is that the Enlightenment values of reason and science are under attack. When commentators and demagogues appeal to people’s tribalism, fatalism and distrust, then we are in danger of causing irreparable damage to important institutions like democracy and world co-operation.
The Rational Optimist – Matt Ridley
For more than two hundred years the pessimists have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But in fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. These trends are happening all around the world. Africa is slowly coming out of poverty, just as Asia did before. The internet, mobile phones and worldwide trade are making the lives of millions of people much better.
Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialisation. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the notion that it’s all going downhill. The glass really is half-full.
The Great Surge – Steven Radelet
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change. But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. Additionally, six million fewer children die every year from disease, millions more girls are in school and millions of people have access to clean water.
This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.
The Great Surge describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can accelerate the process.
Excerpt taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/four-book-summaries
What is the focus of the book entitled Factfulness?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 98 de 134
98. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésFour positive books about the world
Factfulness – Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Rosling, along with two collaborators, asks simple questions about the world. Questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
For example, most people divide the world into US and THEM. In addition, we often believe that things are getting worse. And we are consuming large amounts of media that use a sales model based on making us afraid.
But according to the authors, the world isn’t as bad as we think. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book is not concerned with the underlying reasons for poverty or progress, or what should be done about these issues. It focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Enlightenment Now – Steven Pinker
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives.
Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. When the evidence does not support his argument, however, he dismisses it. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. One cannot help wondering how many people actually living in poverty would agree.
The real problem, Pinker argues, is that the Enlightenment values of reason and science are under attack. When commentators and demagogues appeal to people’s tribalism, fatalism and distrust, then we are in danger of causing irreparable damage to important institutions like democracy and world co-operation.
The Rational Optimist – Matt Ridley
For more than two hundred years the pessimists have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But in fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. These trends are happening all around the world. Africa is slowly coming out of poverty, just as Asia did before. The internet, mobile phones and worldwide trade are making the lives of millions of people much better.
Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialisation. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the notion that it’s all going downhill. The glass really is half-full.
The Great Surge – Steven Radelet
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change. But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. Additionally, six million fewer children die every year from disease, millions more girls are in school and millions of people have access to clean water.
This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.
The Great Surge describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can accelerate the process.
Excerpt taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/four-book-summaries
According to the book titled “Enlightenment Now” by Steven Pinker why economic inequality is not a problem?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 99 de 134
99. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésFour positive books about the world
Factfulness – Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Rosling, along with two collaborators, asks simple questions about the world. Questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
For example, most people divide the world into US and THEM. In addition, we often believe that things are getting worse. And we are consuming large amounts of media that use a sales model based on making us afraid.
But according to the authors, the world isn’t as bad as we think. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book is not concerned with the underlying reasons for poverty or progress, or what should be done about these issues. It focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Enlightenment Now – Steven Pinker
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives.
Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. When the evidence does not support his argument, however, he dismisses it. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. One cannot help wondering how many people actually living in poverty would agree.
The real problem, Pinker argues, is that the Enlightenment values of reason and science are under attack. When commentators and demagogues appeal to people’s tribalism, fatalism and distrust, then we are in danger of causing irreparable damage to important institutions like democracy and world co-operation.
The Rational Optimist – Matt Ridley
For more than two hundred years the pessimists have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But in fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. These trends are happening all around the world. Africa is slowly coming out of poverty, just as Asia did before. The internet, mobile phones and worldwide trade are making the lives of millions of people much better.
Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialisation. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the notion that it’s all going downhill. The glass really is half-full.
The Great Surge – Steven Radelet
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change. But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. Additionally, six million fewer children die every year from disease, millions more girls are in school and millions of people have access to clean water.
This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.
The Great Surge describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can accelerate the process.
Excerpt taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/four-book-summaries
According to the book “ The Rational Optimist” by Matt Ridley what are the factors that have helped to improve people’s lives?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 100 de 134
100. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésFour positive books about the world
Factfulness – Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Rosling, along with two collaborators, asks simple questions about the world. Questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
For example, most people divide the world into US and THEM. In addition, we often believe that things are getting worse. And we are consuming large amounts of media that use a sales model based on making us afraid.
But according to the authors, the world isn’t as bad as we think. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book is not concerned with the underlying reasons for poverty or progress, or what should be done about these issues. It focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Enlightenment Now – Steven Pinker
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives.
Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. When the evidence does not support his argument, however, he dismisses it. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. One cannot help wondering how many people actually living in poverty would agree.
The real problem, Pinker argues, is that the Enlightenment values of reason and science are under attack. When commentators and demagogues appeal to people’s tribalism, fatalism and distrust, then we are in danger of causing irreparable damage to important institutions like democracy and world co-operation.
The Rational Optimist – Matt Ridley
For more than two hundred years the pessimists have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But in fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. These trends are happening all around the world. Africa is slowly coming out of poverty, just as Asia did before. The internet, mobile phones and worldwide trade are making the lives of millions of people much better.
Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialisation. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the notion that it’s all going downhill. The glass really is half-full.
The Great Surge – Steven Radelet
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change. But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. Additionally, six million fewer children die every year from disease, millions more girls are in school and millions of people have access to clean water.
This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.
The Great Surge describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can accelerate the process.
Excerpt taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/four-book-summaries
According to what is expressed in the book “The Great Surge – Steven Radelet” which of the following sentences talks about what has happened in the last few years?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 101 de 134
101. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésFour positive books about the world
Factfulness – Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Rosling, along with two collaborators, asks simple questions about the world. Questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
For example, most people divide the world into US and THEM. In addition, we often believe that things are getting worse. And we are consuming large amounts of media that use a sales model based on making us afraid.
But according to the authors, the world isn’t as bad as we think. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book is not concerned with the underlying reasons for poverty or progress, or what should be done about these issues. It focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Enlightenment Now – Steven Pinker
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives.
Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. When the evidence does not support his argument, however, he dismisses it. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. One cannot help wondering how many people actually living in poverty would agree.
The real problem, Pinker argues, is that the Enlightenment values of reason and science are under attack. When commentators and demagogues appeal to people’s tribalism, fatalism and distrust, then we are in danger of causing irreparable damage to important institutions like democracy and world co-operation.
The Rational Optimist – Matt Ridley
For more than two hundred years the pessimists have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But in fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. These trends are happening all around the world. Africa is slowly coming out of poverty, just as Asia did before. The internet, mobile phones and worldwide trade are making the lives of millions of people much better.
Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialisation. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the notion that it’s all going downhill. The glass really is half-full.
The Great Surge – Steven Radelet
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change. But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. Additionally, six million fewer children die every year from disease, millions more girls are in school and millions of people have access to clean water.
This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.
The Great Surge describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can accelerate the process.
Excerpt taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/four-book-summaries
What book talks about the progress of human beings and its positive side?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 102 de 134
102. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésFour positive books about the world
Factfulness – Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Rosling, along with two collaborators, asks simple questions about the world. Questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
For example, most people divide the world into US and THEM. In addition, we often believe that things are getting worse. And we are consuming large amounts of media that use a sales model based on making us afraid.
But according to the authors, the world isn’t as bad as we think. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book is not concerned with the underlying reasons for poverty or progress, or what should be done about these issues. It focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Enlightenment Now – Steven Pinker
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives.
Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. When the evidence does not support his argument, however, he dismisses it. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. One cannot help wondering how many people actually living in poverty would agree.
The real problem, Pinker argues, is that the Enlightenment values of reason and science are under attack. When commentators and demagogues appeal to people’s tribalism, fatalism and distrust, then we are in danger of causing irreparable damage to important institutions like democracy and world co-operation.
The Rational Optimist – Matt Ridley
For more than two hundred years the pessimists have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But in fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. These trends are happening all around the world. Africa is slowly coming out of poverty, just as Asia did before. The internet, mobile phones and worldwide trade are making the lives of millions of people much better.
Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialisation. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the notion that it’s all going downhill. The glass really is half-full.
The Great Surge – Steven Radelet
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty, governed by dictators and with little hope for any meaningful change. But, surprisingly, this is far from the truth. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. Additionally, six million fewer children die every year from disease, millions more girls are in school and millions of people have access to clean water.
This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.
The Great Surge describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can accelerate the process.
Excerpt taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/four-book-summaries
Which book answers the question “What percentage of the world’s population is poor?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 103 de 134
103. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhy being bored is stimulating – and useful, too
This most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thought
A
We all know how it feels – it’s impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression, and indifference. There isn’t even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at theUniversity of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust – an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. ‘If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from “infectious” social situations,’ he suggests.
B
By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes – one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialize in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is ‘reactant’ boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls ‘indifferent’ boredom: someone isn’t engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.
C
Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. ‘All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,’ she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. ‘We’re all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,’ she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander. In fact, she goes so far as to suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.
D
Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn’t convinced. ‘If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,’ he says. ‘In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.’ That Doesn’t necessarily mean that it isn’t adaptive, he adds. ‘Pain is adaptive– if we didn’t have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.’ For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘attention system’ into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What’s more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. ‘People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there’s that frustration and irritability,’ he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to state where we don’t know what to do any more, and no longer care.
E
Eastwood’s team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It’s early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill – it’s the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz’s group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who ‘approach’ a boring situation – in other words, see that it’s boring and get stuck in anyway – report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.
F
Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. ‘In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,’ she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way
Taken from:
https://www.studocu.com/vn/document/dai-hoc-kinh-te-quoc-dan/academic-english-reading-and-writing/reading-passage-2/23738232According to the quote: “Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold.” Why does this fact allow inferring what was inferred according to the Eastwood team?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 104 de 134
104. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhy being bored is stimulating – and useful, too
This most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thought
A
We all know how it feels – it’s impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression, and indifference. There isn’t even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at theUniversity of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust – an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. ‘If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from “infectious” social situations,’ he suggests.
B
By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes – one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialize in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is ‘reactant’ boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls ‘indifferent’ boredom: someone isn’t engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.
C
Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. ‘All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,’ she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. ‘We’re all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,’ she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander. In fact, she goes so far as to suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.
D
Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn’t convinced. ‘If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,’ he says. ‘In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.’ That Doesn’t necessarily mean that it isn’t adaptive, he adds. ‘Pain is adaptive– if we didn’t have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.’ For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘attention system’ into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What’s more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. ‘People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there’s that frustration and irritability,’ he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to state where we don’t know what to do any more, and no longer care.
E
Eastwood’s team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It’s early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill – it’s the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz’s group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who ‘approach’ a boring situation – in other words, see that it’s boring and get stuck in anyway – report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.
F
Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. ‘In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,’ she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way
Taken from:
https://www.studocu.com/vn/document/dai-hoc-kinh-te-quoc-dan/academic-english-reading-and-writing/reading-passage-2/23738232Why is the perspective of so many experts brought up?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 105 de 134
105. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhy being bored is stimulating – and useful, too
This most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thought
A
We all know how it feels – it’s impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression, and indifference. There isn’t even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at theUniversity of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust – an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. ‘If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from “infectious” social situations,’ he suggests.
B
By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes – one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialize in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is ‘reactant’ boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls ‘indifferent’ boredom: someone isn’t engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.
C
Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. ‘All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,’ she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. ‘We’re all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,’ she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander. In fact, she goes so far as to suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.
D
Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn’t convinced. ‘If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,’ he says. ‘In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.’ That Doesn’t necessarily mean that it isn’t adaptive, he adds. ‘Pain is adaptive– if we didn’t have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.’ For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘attention system’ into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What’s more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. ‘People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there’s that frustration and irritability,’ he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to state where we don’t know what to do any more, and no longer care.
E
Eastwood’s team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It’s early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill – it’s the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz’s group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who ‘approach’ a boring situation – in other words, see that it’s boring and get stuck in anyway – report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.
F
Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. ‘In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,’ she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way
Taken from:
https://www.studocu.com/vn/document/dai-hoc-kinh-te-quoc-dan/academic-english-reading-and-writing/reading-passage-2/23738232What makes it difficult to study boredom in the laboratory?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 106 de 134
106. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhy being bored is stimulating – and useful, too
This most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thought
A
We all know how it feels – it’s impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression, and indifference. There isn’t even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at theUniversity of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust – an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. ‘If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from “infectious” social situations,’ he suggests.
B
By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes – one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialize in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is ‘reactant’ boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls ‘indifferent’ boredom: someone isn’t engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.
C
Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. ‘All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,’ she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. ‘We’re all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,’ she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander. In fact, she goes so far as to suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.
D
Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn’t convinced. ‘If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,’ he says. ‘In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.’ That Doesn’t necessarily mean that it isn’t adaptive, he adds. ‘Pain is adaptive– if we didn’t have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.’ For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘attention system’ into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What’s more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. ‘People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there’s that frustration and irritability,’ he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to state where we don’t know what to do any more, and no longer care.
E
Eastwood’s team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It’s early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill – it’s the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz’s group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who ‘approach’ a boring situation – in other words, see that it’s boring and get stuck in anyway – report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.
F
Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. ‘In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,’ she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way
Taken from:
https://www.studocu.com/vn/document/dai-hoc-kinh-te-quoc-dan/academic-english-reading-and-writing/reading-passage-2/23738232Why is the comparison of boredom with disgust made?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 107 de 134
107. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhy being bored is stimulating – and useful, too
This most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thought
A
We all know how it feels – it’s impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression, and indifference. There isn’t even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at theUniversity of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust – an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. ‘If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from “infectious” social situations,’ he suggests.
B
By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes – one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialize in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is ‘reactant’ boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls ‘indifferent’ boredom: someone isn’t engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.
C
Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. ‘All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,’ she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. ‘We’re all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,’ she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander. In fact, she goes so far as to suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.
D
Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn’t convinced. ‘If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,’ he says. ‘In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.’ That Doesn’t necessarily mean that it isn’t adaptive, he adds. ‘Pain is adaptive– if we didn’t have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.’ For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘attention system’ into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What’s more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. ‘People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there’s that frustration and irritability,’ he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to state where we don’t know what to do any more, and no longer care.
E
Eastwood’s team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It’s early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill – it’s the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz’s group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who ‘approach’ a boring situation – in other words, see that it’s boring and get stuck in anyway – report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.
F
Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. ‘In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,’ she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way
Taken from:
https://www.studocu.com/vn/document/dai-hoc-kinh-te-quoc-dan/academic-english-reading-and-writing/reading-passage-2/23738232What is the purpose of establishing axes and rating scales for types of boredom within reading?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 108 de 134
108. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
1.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 109 de 134
109. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
2.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 110 de 134
110. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
3.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 111 de 134
111. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
4.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 112 de 134
112. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
5.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 113 de 134
113. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
6.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 114 de 134
114. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
7.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 115 de 134
115. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
8.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 116 de 134
116. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
9.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 117 de 134
117. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhere can you find this sign?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 118 de 134
118. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
Meet Robodog
THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST ADVANCED COMMERCIAL LEGGED ROBOT RE-WRITES ROBOTICS RULEBOOKS
RoboScience, a UK company specializing in commercial robotic technology, recently launched its RS-01 RoboDog – the world’s most powerful, most advanced and largest commercial legged robot. Compared to other robotic animals, such as those produced by Sony, this new invention is the “Formula 1” of robotic pets.
Technical and design breakthroughs (1) _________ during the creation of this remarkable new robot (2) _________ the platform for next-generation lightweight robots that (3) _________ many ordinary tasks and eliminate human involvement in high-risk commercial and military environments. Nick Wirth – formerly a designer of Formula One racing cars and co-founder and technical director of RoboScience – and a small team of highly-skilled specialists created the RoboDog in only seven months (4) _________ a state-of-the-art computer-aided design tool provided by software house UGS.
Mark Oates, co-founder and marketing director of Northamptonshire based RoboScience, said, “All legged robots now for sale are nothing more than entertainment. This is an advanced computer in animal form – it’s history in the making. We (5) _________ what was thought impossible – creating a robot that is light and strong, yet large enough to show the true potential of legged robotics that are genuinely useful to human life.” The RoboDog (6) _________as a hand-made limited edition product tailored to the customers’ requirements. A maximum of 200 robots will be offered for sale worldwide over the course of this year at a price of £20,000.
The RoboDog is the size of an adult Labrador and is powerful enough to raise itself from the ground carrying a five-year old child. Its sophisticated motor capabilities and balancing software allow it to climb obstacles and perform handstands, and its motion and colour detection sensors enable it to find and kick a football. It connects to the Internet via a wireless network, and can be controlled from a PC. It (7) _________ sixty oral commands.
Production versions of the RoboDog will allow owners to view locations remotely via an on-board camera or have the RoboDog access and read aloud e-mails. The RoboDog (8) _________ 820mm long, 670mm tall and 370 mm wide and thanks to its advanced carbon-fibre and Kevlar construction, it weighs only 12kg (26 lbs) and can operate independently for 1.5 hours.
The manufacturers intend to license elements of the RoboDog technology to companies in fields as diverse as industrial automation, special effects, security and military services. Mark Oates adds, “For companies struggling with the limitations of current robotics technology, this is – quite literally – tomorrow’s world today! This RoboDog also (9) _________ that legged robots can now have the size and power to perform in high-risk environments, whether that is a power station or a mine-field. After all, the loss of a robot is an inconvenience; the death of a human being is a tragedy.”
The Robodog (10) _________ in a remarkably short space of time. Nick Wirth says “This is breakthrough technology created at breakneck speed.”
Taken from: https://linguapress.com/advanced/robodog.htm
10.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 119 de 134
119. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhere can you find this sign?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 120 de 134
120. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhere can you find this sign?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 121 de 134
121. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhere can you find this sign?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 122 de 134
122. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésWhere can you find this sign?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 123 de 134
123. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
A gradual increase in loudness.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 124 de 134
124. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
Increase the volume of…
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 125 de 134
125. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
A combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 126 de 134
126. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
A gradual decrease in loudness.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 127 de 134
127. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea las descripciones de la columna izquierda ¿Cuál término de la columna derecha concuerda con cada descripción? Marque la letra correcta A – H en su hoja de respuestas.
A short, catchy, often comic verse or song.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 128 de 134
128. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo con el contexto
I would like to see Avatar again. Would you? It’s at the IMAX.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 129 de 134
129. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo con el contexto
My sister would like to go to the movies on Friday.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 130 de 134
130. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo al contexto
What would you rather see: a documentary or a drama?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 131 de 134
131. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo al contexto
Would you like to play something on the stereo?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 132 de 134
132. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésComplete las conversaciones de acuerdo al contexto
You look familiar. Haven’t we met somewhere before?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 133 de 134
133. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Canals on Mars
Popular interest in Mars, the ‘Red Planet’, is long-established, but has enjoyed two dramatic flowerings, one (1) _________ the 1890s and the other a century later.
Any speculation about life on Mars, then or now, is part of a long discussion on ‘the plurality of worlds’. Pluralists believe that (2) _________ worlds apart from ours which contain life — an idea that had its origins in classical Greece. In the 19th century, the new science of astrophysics suggested that large numbers of stars in the sky were similar to the sun in their composition —(3) _________ they two were circled by planetary systems. Nearer to home Mars, our neighbour in the solar system, seemed to offer the evidence the pluralists had lacked until then.
The characteristics of Mars’ orbit are such that its distance from Earth varies considerably — from 34.5 to 234.5 million miles. From an astronomer’s standpoint it was particularly well-placed for observation in 1877, 1892 and 1909. Observations in each of these years intensified discussion about possible life on Mars.
(4) _________ life, intelligent or otherwise, were to be found on Mars then life on Earth would not be unique. The scientific, theological and cultural outcomes of such a discovery could be stupendous. In 1859, Fr. Angelo Secchi, director of the Vatican observatory and a confirmed pluralist, observed markings on the surface of Mars (5) _________ he described as canali, ‘channels’. The fateful word had been launched on its career, although there was little immediate development from Secchi’s work.
In 1877 (6) _________ Italian, Giovanni Schiaparelli, one of Europe’s (7) _________ astronomers, also observed the canali, but he added the refinement that they appeared to be constituents of a system. (8) _________astronomers observed features that might be continents or seas; Schiaparelli confirmed these findings and gave them finely sonorous classical names such as Hellas, Mare Etythraeum, Promethei Sinus.
(To be continued)
Excerpt taken from: https://www.english-exam.org/IELTS/docs/reading/IELTS_Reading_General_20.htm
1.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 134 de 134
134. Pregunta
Categoría: InglésLea el texto de la parte inferior y seleccione la palabra correcta para cada espacio.
En cada pregunta 1-8, marque A, B o C.
Canals on Mars
Popular interest in Mars, the ‘Red Planet’, is long-established, but has enjoyed two dramatic flowerings, one (1) _________ the 1890s and the other a century later.
Any speculation about life on Mars, then or now, is part of a long discussion on ‘the plurality of worlds’. Pluralists believe that (2) _________ worlds apart from ours which contain life — an idea that had its origins in classical Greece. In the 19th century, the new science of astrophysics suggested that large numbers of stars in the sky were similar to the sun in their composition —(3) _________ they two were circled by planetary systems. Nearer to home Mars, our neighbour in the solar system, seemed to offer the evidence the pluralists had lacked until then.
The characteristics of Mars’ orbit are such that its distance from Earth varies considerably — from 34.5 to 234.5 million miles. From an astronomer’s standpoint it was particularly well-placed for observation in 1877, 1892 and 1909. Observations in each of these years intensified discussion about possible life on Mars.
(4) _________ life, intelligent or otherwise, were to be found on Mars then life on Earth would not be unique. The scientific, theological and cultural outcomes of such a discovery could be stupendous. In 1859, Fr. Angelo Secchi, director of the Vatican observatory and a confirmed pluralist, observed markings on the surface of Mars (5) _________ he described as canali, ‘channels’. The fateful word had been launched on its career, although there was little immediate development from Secchi’s work.
In 1877 (6) _________ Italian, Giovanni Schiaparelli, one of Europe’s (7) _________ astronomers, also observed the canali, but he added the refinement that they appeared to be constituents of a system. (8) _________astronomers observed features that might be continents or seas; Schiaparelli confirmed these findings and gave them finely sonorous classical names such as Hellas, Mare Etythraeum, Promethei Sinus.
(To be continued)
Excerpt taken from: https://www.english-exam.org/IELTS/docs/reading/IELTS_Reading_General_20.htm
2.
CorrectoIncorrecto